Azịza ngwa ngwa:Ndị na-ere ahịa na Yuropu, bụ́ ndị na-enweta ahịhịa nhicha bamboo maka ahịrị akara ụlọ na kichin na ezinụlọ na 2026, kwesịrị ịhazi ihe anọ n'otu oge: ihe e ji achọ mma (tampico, sisal, PET, ma ọ bụ eriri njikọ), ihe e ji aka mee (gburugburu, triangle, ọdịdị L), ndebanye aha eco-label (FSC, EU Ecolabel, Nordic Swan, ma ọ bụ Blue Angel), na nnabata kemịkalụ n'okpuru REACH. Ntuziaka Plastik nke EU anaghị egbochi Bamboo n'onwe ya, mana bristle, lacquer dị n'aka ahụ, na staple metal ma ọ bụ waya nke na-ejide isi ahụ nwere ọrụ nrubeisi dị iche iche nke ndị na-azụ ahịa ga-enyocha tupu nkwenye nka.
1. Ihe mere ndị na-ere ahịa na Yuropu ji agbanwe gaa na ahịhịa nhicha bamboo na 2026
Mgbanwe site na plastik gaa na bamboo n'ụdị ngwaọrụ nhicha nke Europe abụghị otu iwu kama ọ bụ site na nchịkọta nnabata nke gbakọtara kemgbe EU Single-Ose Plastics Directive (SUPD) malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 2021. Ka ọ na-erule 2026, ndị na-ere ahịa na Germany, France, Netherlands, na mba Nordic na-achọpụta na ụzọ kachasị mfe iji mee ka ngalaba ngwaọrụ nhicha na-agbaso iwu n'ọtụtụ usoro iwu bụ ịkọwapụta bamboo maka aka na etiti yana ịkpa oke ihe ndị e ji aka mee na isi bristle naanị. Ederede iwu nke SUPD n'onwe ya, nke ebipụtara dị kaNtuziaka (EU) 2019/904 na EUR-Lex, na-amachi ụdị ngwaahịa plastik itoolu nke a na-eji otu oge mana ọ naghị egbochi ngwa nhicha ejiri bamboo mee kpọmkwem, nke na-emepụta ohere iwu kwadoro nke ndị na-ere ahịa jiri mee ka brọsh bamboo dị ka nke ndabara na katalọgụ akara nkeonwe ha.
1.1 Ntuziaka maka ojiji plastik nke EU n'otu oge (SUPD) na mmetụta ya na ngwaọrụ nhicha
SUPD, nke a gbanwere n'iwu mba n'ime mba 27 so na EU ka ọ na-erule 2021, na-amachibido itinye ụdị ngwaahịa plastik itoolu n'ahịa EU: osisi owu, ihe e ji esi nri, efere, ahịhịa, ihe na-akpali akpali, osisi balụọn, akpa nri, akpa ihe ọṅụṅụ, na ihe nhicha mmiri. Ntuziaka ahụ anaghị egbochi ahịhịa nhicha balụn kpọmkwem, mana gburugburu amụma sara mbara emeela ka ndị na-ere ahịa nwee àgwà n'ụzọ abụọ a pụrụ ịtụ anya ya. Nke mbụ, ndị na-ere ahịa na Germany na France ewepụla ahịhịa efere ejiri plastik mee na katalọgụ akara nkeonwe ha iji kwado ihe ndị yiri ya na balụn ọbụlagodi ebe ọ dịghị iwu na-amanye mgbanwe ahụ, n'ihi na nhọrọ balụn na-ewepụ ma nyocha ụdị SUPD na nyocha nnabata kemịkalụ REACH na-enweghị akwụkwọ dị iche. Nke abụọ, ndị na-ere ahịa na Netherlands na Belgium amalitela ịchọ akwụkwọ nchekwa FSC site n'aka ndị na-ebunye ahịhịa dịka akụkụ nke otu ngwugwu nnabata ahụ, n'ihi na nkwupụta FSC na-eme ka nyocha EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) dị mfe nke na-emetụta ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaahịa dị nso ugbu a.
1.2 Ihe Mere Bamboo Ji Akarị Plastik Emegharịrị Eme na Ndepụta Nlele Ndị Na-ere Ahịa
Site n'echiche nke onye ọrụ nnabata, ahịhịa efere plastik emegharị emegharị chọrọ akwụkwọ n'akụkụ isii ma ọ dịkarịa ala: pasentị ọdịnaya emegharị emegharị mgbe onye ahịa gasịrị, nnabata REACH nke ngwaahịa emegharị emegharị, ohere ịchọta ngwaahịa emegharị emegharị gaa na atụmatụ nchịkọta a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, mba ebe a si malite ebe a na-emegharị emegharị, ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị nwere nnukwu nchegbu (SVHC) karịa oke 0.1% w/w, na mbugharị Bisphenol A n'okpuru iwu mmekọrịta nri EU ma ọ bụrụ na ahịhịa ahụ metụrụ elu nkwadebe nri. Ahịhịa ejiri bamboo mee nwere isi bristle PET a na-agbanwe agbanwe chọrọ akwụkwọ n'akụkụ atọ: usoro nchekwa FSC maka bamboo, nnabata REACH maka ihe eji eme ihe na bristle, na nnabata mkpuchi elu ọ bụla maka aka bamboo. Oghere akwụkwọ bụ ihe mere bamboo ji merie ntụnyere nnabata n'ọtụtụ mmemme akara nkeonwe ndị na-ere ahịa na Europe na 2025 na 2026.
2. Nhọrọ ihe Bristle: Sisal vs PET vs Tampico vs Union Fibre
Nhọrọ Bristle bụ otu nkọwapụta nke na-ekpebi ma arụmọrụ nhicha na ikike nke ahịhịa nhicha bamboo. Ihe bristle anọ ndị ahịa Europe na-akọwakarị bụ tampico fiber (eriri eke sitere na osisi agave nke Mexico), sisal (eriri eke sitere na osisi agave sisalana), PET (polyethylene terephthalate a na-emegharị emegharị ma ọ bụ virgin polyethylene terephthalate), na union fiber (ngwakọta eriri akwụkwọ nri nke tampico nwere obere sisal ma ọ bụ bassine mejupụtara). Bristle ọ bụla nwere njikọta dị iche iche nke ọkwa abrasion, nnabata mmiri, biodegradability, na nkwenye nri-mmekọrịta, nhọrọ nkọwapụta nke ndị otu na-azụ ahịa kwesịrị ịbụ nke ngwa kichin ma ọ bụ ụlọ ịsa ahụ ezubere maka ya kama site na ọnụ ahịa otu. Ị nwere ike ịhụ matrix bristle-and-handle zuru oke Ningbo Yawen na-ebuga na mmemme akara nkeonwe na Europe na anyịngwaahịa nhicha acharapeeji katalọgụ, ebe ụdị ahịhịa ọ bụla depụtara ihe e ji achọ mma ya, njupụta nke ajị anụ ya, na ihe e ji ya eme.
Maka ahịhịa e ji esi nri nke e ji asa efere, ite, na arịa dị n'okpuru mmiri ọkụ, eriri tampico dị n'obosara eriri 0.30 ruo 0.35 mm na-enye ngwakọta kachasị mma nke iguzogide abrasion na nnabata mmiri. Tampico na-ejide mmiri n'ime eriri lumen, nke na-eme ka ahịhịa ahụ dị mmiri mmiri n'oge usoro ịsa ahụ ma na-ebelata mkpa onye ọrụ iji mee ka ahịhịa ahụ dị mmiri mmiri ugboro ugboro. Maka ahịhịa ite nke e ji ígwè ma ọ bụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara mee nke nwere ihe fọdụrụ n'ọkụ, sisal dị n'obosara eriri 0.40 ruo 0.45 mm na-enye nnukwu abrasion na nhicha ngwa ngwa mana ọ na-efu ọnụ ahịa ngwa ngwa nke a na-eyi bristle. Maka ahịhịa ịsa akwụkwọ nri nke e ji asa ihe n'okpuru mmiri oyi, PET dị n'obosara eriri 0.25 mm bụ nhọrọ nchekwa nri nke na-ewepụkwa oke mbugharị nri na kọntaktị nri nke EU dịka Iwu (EU) Nke 10/2011 si kwuo. Maka ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ahịhịa taịlị nke e mere maka ihicha grout na taịlị, eriri union nke nwere dayameta filament 0.35 mm bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Europe n'ihi na ọ na-ejikọta mmiri tampico na abrasion sisal n'otu ngwakọta filament.
3. Ejiri Ergonomics mee ihe: Ejiri gburugburu vs triangular vs L maka ahịrị ezinụlọ
Jiometi aka bụ nkọwapụta nke na-ekpebi ma ahịhịa ahụ ọ gafere nyocha nnwale onye na-ere ahịa. Profaịlụ aka atọ na-achịkwa ụdị nhicha ụlọ nke Europe na 2026. Profaịlụ aka gburugburu bụ silinda dayameta 22 ruo 25 mm nke dabara na njide okenye ọkọlọtọ ma bụrụ nhọrọ kacha ọnụ ala maka ahịrị akara nkeonwe ọkwa ntinye. Profaịlụ aka triangle na-agbakwụnye ugwu 3 ruo 5 mm e welitere n'okpuru aka ahụ, nke na-enye onye ọrụ ebe ntụaka aka maka ntụaka aka ma na-ebelata ntụgharị aka dị mkpa iji tinye nrụgide nhicha. Profaịlụ dị ka L na-etinye isi bristle na akụkụ ogo 90 na aka ahụ, nke bụ geometi nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ kichin na igwe efere ọkachamara na-ahọrọ maka nhicha ngwa ngwa nke elu dị larịị. Maka ahịrị ezinụlọ nke na-elekwasị anya na onye na-azụ ahịa nnukwu ụlọ ahịa kama ịbụ onye ọrụ ọkachamara, profaịlụ aka triangle nwere nsonaazụ nnwale onye ọrụ kacha mma na panel ahịa German na French anyị hụrụ na ọtụtụ mmemme akara nkeonwe.
Nkọwapụta ergonomics nke aka ahụ kwesịkwara ịkọwapụta njedebe ya. Mmecha a kpara akpa na-enye ọnụ ahịa kacha ala ma na-edozi ihe niile gbasara akara gburugburu ebe obibi, mana mmecha a kpara akpa nwere ike ịgbawa mgbe ọnwa 6 ruo 12 nke ojiji ya n'ebe a na-asa ahụ mmiri. Mmecha a kpara akpa nke nwere mmanụ mineral-faịlụ nri na-agbatị ndụ aka ahụ ma na-eme ka njide mmiri dịkwuo mma, mana mmecha a kpara akpa nke nwere mmanụ mineral-faịlụ ga-adị ka REACH ma a ga-ekwupụta ya na nkwakọ ngwaahịa maka ahịa German. Mmecha a kpara akpa na-enye arụmọrụ kacha mma maka ijide mmiri mana a machibidoro ya na ụfọdụ mmemme akara nkeonwe n'ihi na ihe e si n'anụmanụ nweta nke na-emegide nkwupụta asambodo vegan. Maka ahịrị akara nkeonwe nke ndị na-ere ahịa na Europe nke afọ 2026 nke na-elekwasị anya n'ahịa ezinụlọ sara mbara na-enweghị nkwupụta vegan kpọmkwem, mmecha a kpara akpa nke nwere mmanụ mineral-faịlụ nri bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha.
4. Nrubeisi nke Eco-Label: FSC, EU Ecolabel, Nordic Swan, na Blue Angel tụnyere
Usoro anọ nke akara gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpuchi ahịhịa nhicha achara n'ahịa Yuropu, nke ọ bụla nwere ọnụ ahịa dị iche, usoro nyocha, na profaịlụ nnabata ahịa.Usoro asambodo FSC Chain of Chekwakpuchiri njikwa ọhịa achara na usoro nchekwa site na oke ọhịa ruo na ahịhịa emechara. FSC 100% pụtara na a na-achọta achara na otu ngalaba njikwa ọhịa a kwadoro; FSC Mix pụtara na a na-agwakọta achara na ihe osisi a na-achịkwa ma ọ bụ nke a na-emegharị emegharị; FSC Recycled pụtara na ihe dị na achara bụ 100% ihe eji emegharị emegharị mgbe emechara ree ya. Maka ahịhịa nhicha achara, FSC Mix bụ ihe a na-ekwukarị n'ihi na ọtụtụ achara sitere na ihe ọkụkụ agwakọtara na isi mmalite ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Ningbo Yawen na-ejide asambodo FSC CoC na-arụ ọrụ maka akụkụ achara, yana ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka ogologo ogeonye na-eweta ngwa kichin dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibiSite na ikike ODM na OEM, ihe kpatara e ji dee nkwupụta FSC n'ọkwa akara ọnụahịa kama ọ bụ n'ọkwa nkwupụta ahịa.
Òtù ngwaahịa Ecolabel nke EU na ụkpụrụ ndị European Commission bipụtarana-akwado ngwaahịa ahụ dum megide njirisi ahụike maka ojiji, kemịkalụ, na mbibi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ofe usoro arụmọrụ afọ 3. Maka ahịhịa bamboo, EU Ecolabel na-ekpuchi mbibi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime bristle (tampico na sisal na-ehichapụ oke mbibi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime ụbọchị 60; PET na-ehichapụ naanị mgbe e dekọrọ ọdịnaya emegharịchara mgbe onye ahịa gasịrị), ihe mejupụtara ígwè (ígwè anaghị agba nchara na-ehichapụ; ígwè zinc-plated chọrọ nkwupụta SVHC ọzọ), na mkpuchi elu na aka bamboo (lacquer dabere na mmiri nwere ntọhapụ formaldehyde n'okpuru 0.05 mg/m³ na-ehichapụ; lacquer dabere na ihe mgbaze anaghị adabara njirisi).Usoro akara gburugburu ebe obibi nke Nordic Swanna-akwado ngwaahịa ahụ site na iji usoro kemịkalụ siri ike karịa EU Ecolabel, ọkachasị maka ihe ndị dị na Ndepụta Ndị Candidate REACH SVHC. Blue Angel (ụlọ ọrụ German ecolabel) na-akwado ngwaahịa ahụ site na iji usoro ndị gụnyere ike imegharị isi bristle na ihe e ji ígwè mee mgbe ọ dị na njedebe nke ndụ.
Maka ahịrị aha ụlọ ahịa nkeonwe nke ndị Europe na-ebuga na mba dị iche iche, usoro a na-ahụkarị na 2026 bụ ịkọwapụta FSC Mix maka bamboo, EU Ecolabel maka ahịhịa dị ka ngwaahịa emechara, na ndebanye aha Nordic Swan maka ngwaọrụ ebuga na Sweden, Norway, Denmark, na Finland. A na-agbakwunye ndebanye aha Blue Angel naanị maka ngwaọrụ e kenyere maka ahịa ngwa ahịa gọọmentị etiti nke German, n'ihi na Blue Angel nwere mmasị ịzụta ngwa ahịa gọọmentị German mana ọ naghị enye òkè ahịa n'akụkụ ndị ahịa na mpụga Germany.
5. Kichin vs Bathroom vs Shaping Vescaping: Kedu ka njupụta bristle kwesịrị isi dị iche site na otu
Njupụta bristle, nke a tụrụ dị ka ọnụọgụ nke bristle tufts kwa square centimita nke ihu isi, bụ nkọwapụta nke na-ekpebi ma ọsọ nhicha na ọnụego iyi bristle. Windo njupụta atọ nke mmemme ụlọ ahịa nkeonwe nke ndị Europe na-akọwakarị bụ tufts 4 ruo 6/cm² maka ahịhịa nri kichin, tufts 6 ruo 8/cm² maka ahịhịa taịlị ụlọ ịsa ahụ, na tufts 8 ruo 10/cm² maka ahịhịa akwụkwọ nri na ihe ọkụkụ. A na-ahazi windo njupụta site na mgbanwe dị n'etiti mkpuchi elu nhicha (nke na-akwado njupụta dị elu) na mmiri-mmiri n'etiti tufts (nke na-akwado obere njupụta iji gbochie ncha na nsị). Ahịhịa efere kichin na tufts 6/cm² na-asacha nke ọma n'okpuru ọkpọkọ mmiri ma na-ehicha efere nri abalị na strips 8 ruo 12. Ahịhịa taịlị ụlọ ịsa ahụ na tufts 8/cm² na-ejide ihe ngwọta nhicha karịa kwa strok mana ọ chọrọ usoro ịsacha siri ike iji gbochie ncha na ntọala tuft.
6. Nhazi nha, MOQ, na oge ndu maka mmemme akara nkeonwe nke ndị na-ere ahịa na Europe
Maka ahịrị ahịhịa nhicha bamboo nkeonwe nwere SKU atọ (ahịrị efere gburugburu, ahịhịa ite nwere aka atọ, na ahịhịa taịlị ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị ka L), ọnụọgụ kacha nta nke iwu na Ningbo Yawen bụ iberibe 1,000 ruo 3,000 kwa SKU yana oge ndu mmepụta ụbọchị 35 ruo 45 site na nkwenye nka ruo na nnyefe ọrụ ochie. Oke ala nke ụbọchị 35 metụtara iwu ugboro ugboro ebe nkọwapụta ebu, ngwaọrụ, na bristle anaghị agbanwe agbanwe site na otu mmepụta gara aga; oke elu nke ụbọchị 45 metụtara iwu mbụ nke chọrọ ebu ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nkọwapụta bristle ọhụrụ. Maka mmemme karịrị iberibe 10,000 kwa SKU, oge ndu na-agbakọta ruo ụbọchị 30 ozugbo ekwenyechara ebu na ngwaọrụ ma debe ahịrị mmepụta.
Nhazi ya na-agbaso nkọwapụta dị iche. Ụkpụrụ azụmaahịa nke ndị Yuropu maka ahịhịa nri kichin bụ aka dị n'obosara 22 ruo 25 mm nwere dayameta isi bristle 50 ruo 60 mm na ogologo ya niile bụ 220 ruo 240 mm. Maka ahịhịa ite, ọkọlọtọ ahụ bụ aka dị n'obosara 25 ruo 28 mm nwere isi bristle 70 ruo 80 mm na ogologo ya niile bụ 240 ruo 260 mm. Maka ahịhịa taịlị ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ọkọlọtọ ahụ bụ aka dị n'obosara 22 mm nwere isi akụkụ anọ nke 80 x 60 mm na ogologo ya niile bụ 200 ruo 220 mm yana akụkụ isi ya na ogo 90. Ụkpụrụ nha ndị a bụ ndabara ndị sitere na akụkụ ngwa kichin German DIN 10510, akụkụ ngwa nhicha French NF D21-311, na ntuziaka ergonomics nke ngwa nhicha ụlọ CEN/TR 16976 pan-European.
7. Nsogbu Ndị A Na-ahụkarị: Mbugharị ígwè dị arọ, Ntucha Phthalate, na Oke Formaldehyde
Nsogbu atọ a na-enweta n'iwu na mmemme ahịhịa bamboo nke ndị na-ere ahịa na Europe nke afọ 2025 na 2026. Nke mbụ bụ mbugharị ígwè dị arọ site na ihe mkpuchi ígwè nke na-ejide isi bristle na aka bamboo. Ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-abụkarị ígwè ma ọ bụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke a na-etinye na zinc, ihe mkpuchi zinc nwere ike ịda oke mbugharị nchekwa ihe egwuregwu EN 71-3 ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ere ahịhịa ahụ maka ojiji ụlọ ịsa ahụ abụọ (ebe ụmụaka nwere ike ijikwa ya mgbe ụfọdụ). Ihe ngwọta bụ ịkọwapụta ihe mkpuchi ígwè anaghị agba nchara na-enweghị ihe mkpuchi zinc maka ahịhịa ọ bụla nwere nkwupụta CE Toy Safety Directive ma ọ bụ nke a na-ere ahịa abụọ maka ojiji ụlọ ịsa ahụ. Nsogbu nke abụọ bụ nsị phthalate site na bristles PET emegharịrị. Virgin PET enweghị phthalates, mana PET emegharịrị nwere ike ịnwe phthalates fọdụrụnụ site na ngwa mbụ, phthalates ndị a nwekwara ike ịda mmachi REACH Annex XVII na phthalates na ihe ndị e zubere maka imetụ akpụkpọ ahụ ogologo oge. Ihe a ga-eme bụ ịkọwapụta PET mara mma maka ahịhịa ọ bụla e ji eme ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ kichin, nakwa ịchọ ka e dee phthalate n'akwụkwọ site n'aka onye na-enye bristle maka bristle PET ọ bụla e megharịrị emegharị. Ihe nke atọ bụ mwepụta formaldehyde site na mkpuchi elu na aka bamboo. Ihe a ga-eme bụ ịkọwapụta lacquer mmiri nwere ntọhapụ formaldehyde n'okpuru 0.05 mg/m³ ma chọọ ka e dee nkwupụta nke nrubeisi na oke iwu German BfR na French ANSES maka ihe ndị metụtara akpụkpọ ahụ ogologo oge. E dekọrọ ihe gbasara akụrụngwa bamboo sara mbara, gụnyere ọdịnaya mmiri na nkọwapụta nha maka aka bamboo, naProfaịlụ akụrụngwa achara FAO.
8. Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị: Ajụjụ Ise Ndị Na-ere Ahịa Yuropu Na-ajụ Tupu Ha Achọta Ahịrị Ahịhịa Bamboo
8.1 Kedu ihe e ji achọ mma nke ọma maka ahịhịa e ji aka mee nke dabara na EU dịka EU si kwuo?
Eriri Union (ngwakọta eriri akwụkwọ nri nke tampico nwere ihe sisal ma ọ bụ bassine na-achịkwa) na eriri tampico 100% bụ ụdị bristle abụọ na-edozi ụkpụrụ EU Ecolabel maka iji na biodegradability maka ahịhịa nhicha kichin. Brist PET na-ewepụ ihe achọrọ mana ọ chọrọ akwụkwọ ọdịnaya emegharịgharịrị mgbe onye ahịa gasịrị iji nọgide na-enwe akara ahụ n'ime usoro mmeghari ohuru afọ 3.
8.2 Ahịhịa achara ọ na-adaba n'okpuru mmachibido iwu plastik EU SUPD maka ojiji otu oge?
Mba. SUPD na-amachibido ngwaahịa plastik e ji eme otu ugboro dịka osisi owu, ihe e ji agwakọta ihe, efere, ahịhịa, na ihe e ji agwakọta ihe. Ahịhịa nhicha bamboo nwere isi bristle a na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ ihe dị mma na-adịgide adịgide, ọ bụghị ihe a na-eji otu ugboro, ya mere ọ bụghị ihe a na-eme otu ugboro. REACH, iwu EU Ecolabel, na usoro nchekwa FSC na-achịkwa ihe osise maka brushes bamboo kama SUPD.
8.3 Kedu akwụkwọ kacha nta nke FSC nke onye na-ere ahịa akara nkeonwe kwesịrị ịrịọ maka ya n'aka onye na-ere ahịhịa bamboo?
Ma ọ dịkarịa ala, nọmba asambodo FSC Chain of Consody (CoC) dị irè maka ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke onye na-eweta ngwaahịa ahụ, nkwupụta FSC Mix ma ọ bụ FSC 100% na akwụkwọ ọnụahịa maka akụkụ bamboo ahụ, yana nkwupụta mbinye aka na-egosi na ọ dịghị bamboo sitere na ebe a na-amịpụta ihe n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị ma ọ bụ ụdị bamboo emezigharịrị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-abanye n'ìgwè mmepụta. Maka nkwupụta FSC 100%, a ga-achọpụta bamboo ahụ na otu ngalaba njikwa ọhịa nwere asambodo FSC FM dị irè.
8.4 Kedu oge MOQ na oge ndu maka ahịrị ahịhịa bamboo nkeonwe nke onye na-ere ahịa na Europe?
Maka ahịrị ahịhịa efere bamboo nkeonwe nwere SKU atọ (ahịrị ahịhịa efere gburugburu aka, ahịhịa ite, na ahịhịa karama), MOQ nkịtị na Ningbo Yawen bụ iberibe 1,000 ruo 3,000 kwa SKU yana oge mmalite mmepụta ụbọchị 35 ruo 45 site na nkwenye nka ruo na nnyefe ọrụ ochie. Maka mmemme karịrị iberibe 10,000 kwa SKU, oge ndu ga-agbakọta ruo ụbọchị 30 ozugbo ekwenyechara na ebu na ngwaọrụ.
8.5 Enwere oke formaldehyde metụtara ahịhịa nhicha bamboo a na-ere na EU?
Ee. REACH Annex XVII na-egbochi mwepụta formaldehyde site na ihe ndị e zubere imetụ akpụkpọ ahụ aka ruo 0.05 mg/m³ maka ihe egwuregwu na ihe ụmụaka ji elekọta ụmụaka, German BfR na French ANSES ebipụtala ụkpụrụ siri ike maka ihe ndị metụtara akpụkpọ ahụ ogologo oge. Ahịhịa bamboo nwere mkpuchi mpụta nke na-adịghị agbaso REACH nwere ike ịda ule ntụpọ na omenala, ọkachasị n'okpuru sistemụ ọkwa RAPEX.
Ọ bụrụ na ị dị njikere ịkọwapụta ahịrị ahịhịa nhicha bamboo maka mmemme akara aha nkeonwe nke ndị na-ere ahịa na Europe, ị nwere ike izipuusoro nhicha ahịhịa dị ukwuuJụọ ndị otu ahịa anyị ozugbo site na iji ihe ị chọrọ iji mee bristle, geometry aka, ndebanye aha eco-label, na njikọta nnabata kemịkalụ. A ga-akpọchi nkọwapụta anọ dị na ntuziaka a (bristle, aka, akara eco, na nnabata kemịkalụ) na RFQ gị tupu a kwado ọrụ nka.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-13-2026